PRINCE ALBERT VICTOR

BY GEORGIA PHILPOTT

Prince Albert, known as Eddy to his family, was born in 1864.

His father was a well-known man by the English public and highly respected to many higher and lower classes.

Eddy was a slow child and grew up to be a rather dull adult. He was self-indulgent and not punctual. He had been given no proper education and as a result he was interested in nothing.

There were unconfirmerd rumours that Eddy was mildly retarded, it was said that his intellagence was lower than expected of a future monarch. He was partly deaf due to hearing problems inherited in his mothers side of the family.

During Jack the ripper murders, there were no actual theroies presented linking Eddy to the crimes. It was not untill 1962 when the first theory regarding eddys involvment the murders became known. Phillipee Jullien made and published a book, blameing the Prince for the murders and saying that he was 'Jack The Ripper'. This and many other novels created a sensation of Prince Albert being the killer and many of the public started to turn on him.

Stowel apparently used the private papers of sir william gull as his primary source material and it was these papers which led him to devise his theroy.

There is not enough evidence to prove that Eddy was Jack the pripper, but i believe that he had a partner to help him.

According to Stowell, Eddy was suffering from syphilis, contracted during a shore party in the West Indies, and that this infection drove Eddy insane and compelled him to commit the murders.In this theory, the Royal Family knew that Eddy was the murderer (definitely after the second murder, and possibly even after the first) Eddy's doctor in this matter was supposedly Sir William Gull who informed Bertie that his son was dying of syphilitic infection.

Apparently no attempt was made to restrain Eddy until after the double event when he was carried away in restraints to a private mental hospital. Eddy then escaped to carry out the Kelly murder , soon after he was again locked away and died, not of flu in 1892 as claimed, but of "softening of the brain" in a private mental hospital in Sandringham. Stowell goes on to include Eddy's resemblance to Druitt and the eye-witness accounts of the Ripper as proof positive. While a neat and tidy theory, later Ripperologists have poked several effective holes through it.

To begin with, Stowell claims of using Gull's private papers cannot be substantiated due to Stowell's death within days of publishing his theory and the burning of his own papers (unread) by the family. With the lack of the papers, Stowell's claims of Eddy being homosexual (and nearly escaping prosecution in the Cleveland Street scandal) and of Eddy's contracting syphilis cannot be confirmed. Adding more confusion, Stowell used Gull's papers for his theory but Eddy supposedly died in 1892 and Gull in 1890 so Gull could not have been able to comment on the cause of Eddy's death. If the theory is true, Gull could be a source of confirming the infection but not necessarily of it being the cause of Eddy's death. Being the two most important parts of the theory, their elimination severely weakens the case.

In 1978, Spiering issued a challenge to Queen Elizabeth II to reveal the truth about Eddy. Either she should open the Royal archives or hold a press release detailing the Duke's activities as the Ripper.

Profile

• A royal member in the household
• Knowledge of the human organs
• well respected
• stable character in public

Relationships to murders

• Affiar with a prostitute
• royal coatch - many have been used during the murders

Evidence

• He has knowled of the human organs and medical knowledge
• Given medical knowledge to other people

Motive

• Had an affair with a prostitue
• Piad people to be quite(shut up) about his affiars/murders
• Paid someone to get rid of all prostitues

Time lines

murders
31st august 1888 - Mary Ann Niccholes

8th september 1888 - Annie Chapman

30th september 1888 - Elisabeth stride

30th september 1888 - Cathorine Eddows

9th november 1888 - Mary jane kelly

letters

17th sep - discovered by Peter Mc Clelland in sealed report envelope

27th sep - letter believed as a hoax, sent to news agency

30th sep - found a blood stianed apron piece and chalked message

1st oct - simular writing to another, makes direct references to both this letter and the murders of the previous night. (blood on letter)

6th oct - sent to George Lusk, recieved 1/2 a human kidney preserved in wine.

16th oct - recieved by local paper, intended for Isreal or Joseph (police)

29th oct - sent to the doctor, who examined the kidney.

Famous Heroes!!

` ~Sir William Wallace~

BY Georgia Philpott

William Wallace, the Scottish patriot- known for his strength and courage, was without doubt one of Scotland’s greatest heroes of all times.

Wallace was born in 1274 in : Elerslie, Renfrewshire, western lowland Scotland.

Wallace died on 23rd August 1305:Smithfield Elms, London, England.

The late 13th century in Scotland was a time of war between Scotland and the English. The Scottish throne was being ruled by a 4-year-old girl who was being overseen by a council until she was old enough to rule, and the Scottish nobility was weak. It was an everyday fight for freedom and personal liberties.This was what started the wars of Scottish Independance.

During this time, King Edward of England was attempting to gain control of Scotland by paying off the Scottish nobles and killing those who didn't accept his payments. One of these nobles was William Wallace's father.

William was said to be over six and a half feet tall with incredible strength, intelligence, and agility. He was a master swordsman and horseman and was said to be extraordinarily handsome.

When Wallaces father died he went to live with his uncle in Dunipace, near Stirling.He learned much of the outside world and many languages due to his uncle. He also became a prolific and feared fighter. Wallace moved back to renfrewshire at 16 because of the English invasion and fell in love and married there. He resided there until the rebellion.

William Wallace was a freedom fighter in the late 13th century for Scotland and Ireland against England. The English took over Scotland and Ireland under the rule of their ruthless king, Edward I, more commonly known as "Long Shanks." Wallace led a giant, country-wide people's rebellion against the military presence in Scotland in the hopes of a free country for its entire population. This was triggered by the execution of William's own wife for attacking an English soldier because he was trying to rape her. He named an outlaw for killing the Englishman in 1292, he then fled for the hills and formed an army to harass English soldiers.

In 1297 his army drove the English from scotland and then invaded Northan England. Wallace was elected guardian of the kingdom and began to rule scotland.

Wallace was always very peaceful and never looked for a fight. Some people believed that it might have been the English killing his father and wife that enraged him and drove him to fight the English.This is probably the main reason why williams attitude and views changed. William was a great warrior and leader that led the Scottish army as they tried to free themselves from English rule.

Wallace took up his father's fight and raised an army against Edward.In 1297 he defeated the English in the battle of the Stirling Bridge.This army was strengthened by Wallace's words and determination. Many believed that their leader's "pep-talks" led to Scottish victories. Wallace's favorite quote was "every man dies, but not every man truly lives".

A year later, Wallace and his men lost the Battle of Falkirk. On 1 April 1298, the English invaded Scotland at Roxburgh. They plundered Lothian but had failed to bring Wallace to combat.

By September 1298, Wallace had decided to resign as Guardian of Scotland and went to live wih his uncel in france.

The Scots adopted a scorched-earth policy in their own country, and English quartermasters' failure to prepare for the expedition left morale and food low, but Edward's search for Wallace would not end.

Wallace returned to scotland in 1301 and continued to fight the English.

But in 1305 Wallace was captued by King Edward because John de Menteith, a Scottish knight loyal to Edward, turned Wallace over to English soldiers at Robroyston near Glasgow. Wallace was transported to London and tried for treason and the execution of civilians and prisoners at Westminster Hall where he was crowned with a garland of oak to suggest that he was the king of outlaws. He responded to the treason charge, "I could not be a traitor to Edward, for I was never his subject." With this, Wallace asserted that the absent John Balliol was officially his king. Wallace was declared guilty.

Following the trial, on 23 August 1305, Wallace was taken from the hall, stripped naked and dragged through the city at the heels of a horse to the Elms at Smithfield. He was hanged, drawn and quartered — strangled by hanging but released while still alive, emasculated, eviscerated and his bowels burnt before him, beheaded, then cut into four parts. His preserved head was placed on a pike atop London Bridge. It was later joined by the heads of his brothers, John, and Simon Fraser. His limbs were displayed, separately, in Newcastle, Berwick, Stirling, and Aberdeen.

William Wallace was a freedom fighter, but he did not achieve freedom peacefully. He slaughtered English soldiers as they once did to the helpless women, children and the elderly of Scotland. He fought many wars by the sides of his brethren and he gathered and united a once-scattered nation of Scotland and led its people against the English to regain its freedom. He fought not only for freedom, but also for every human's right to own land, personal property, and the pursuit of a better existence. William Wallace fought for Scotland’s right to breathe.

Wallace was remembered for his srength and courage and a well educated man who fought with passion and brilliant tactics.
He fought till death for desire of scottish rights and freedom.

In his liftime he Sir William Wallace made a name for himself as a waring rebel who tried to unite Scotland and make it a free land and out of the control of its English neighbours. In 1297 he defeated the English and killed the sheriff of Lanark. He then went on, building his army until it faced and crushed the English forces of the Earl of Surrey at Stirling Bridge. Killing one of his arch rivals, Treasurer Cressingham, his undefeated army celebrated their victory by cutting the flesh of Treasurer Cressingham into pieces and handed them out as a symbolic gesture. Sir Wallace made a belt out of his piece.

Wallace beleived that Scotland shoud have their own rights and freedom, eg; For every human's right to own land, personal property, and the pursuit of a better existence.

William Wallace was a great inspiration to his culture and he changed the way the scottish lived forever. He gave scotland it's freedom. He changed the way they lived so that future generations would have thier own rights as individuals and not be ruled by a King from another country.

William Wallace was a hero of scotland, a true patroit. His desire for peace and freedom united the clans, gained the loyalty of the people, struck fear into his emenies and defied the evil king, Edward.
A plaque stands in a wall of St. Bartholomew's Hospital near the site of Wallace's execution at Smithfield. Scottish patriots and other interested people frequently visit the site and flowers often appear there.The Wallace Sword was held for many years in Loudoun Castle and is now in the Wallace National Monument near Stirling.

William Wallace is an important person in life because he is a great role model. He believed in freedom and rights for all people and he stood by it. He fought and died for his people’s sake, so they could be free. He has made a difference in life through his strong beliefs, but more by the action of not bending when others disagreed with him. He firmly stood by his belief of freedom and personal liberties. He died trying to save his people and for his cause... I don’t think you can be any more heroic than that!


Scotland- The land for whose freedom William Wallace gave his life.

Father: Sir Malcolm Wallace

Brother: Malcolm (older)

Brother: John (younger)
Wife: Marion Braidfute

When Wallace was in his twenties, he led the Scottish army in the battle of Stirling Bridge.
In the battle, the Scots hid at the top of the Abbey Craig.
The battle of Stirling Bridge was one of the many battles the Scots fought as they tried to free themselves from English rule.


Bibiliography


www.clanmcalister.org/wallace.html

http://www.highlander.web.co.uk/

www.bbc.co.uk/scottishhistory.html

http://www.groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/

http://www.williamwallace.com/

Investigation of International Economies

England is a developed country

England has lots of agriculture products but a big one is fishing.
About 70% of English workers work in the service industries. The most important ones are banking and insurance.

In England, the consumers and suppliers make economic decisions. (It’s mostly a market economy).

The most important and biggest industry in England is transport. The House of Commons Transport committee in the U.K looks at the factors that will shape travel and transport over the next thirty years and set out how the Government will respond to the increasing demand for travel, maximising the benefits of transport while minimising the negative impact on people and the environment.


England uses very advanced technology. They use and rely on a lot of computers for banking and finance. They are also advanced in the air force technology. The BAE Systems FA2 Sea Harrier fighter aircraft, which was in service with the British Royal Navy remains in service with the Indian Navy beacuse of it's a strongly built machinery that lasts along time and built with the best and highest technology. The aircraft was able to detect and destroy threats before the launch of an attack using long-range weapon systems with lookdown and shoot-down tactical capability. So they are also very advanced in technology in its aircraft as well as in they’re banking and finance technology.

A major economic problem in England is the population and it just keeps rising.
Since England has become a part of the European union it has lead to the influx of people from other European countries settling in the U.K. This has lead to overpopulation and has devalued and greatly reduced the average working wage.

England has the same queen as Australia.But Australia is definitely stronger and stricter when it comes to letting people into the country. It’s much harder to immigrate to Australia than it is to England and there’s a whole year process that you have to go through to be able to legaly immigrate to Australia before you can live here.

Bibliography *http://www.jstor.org/pss/241706

*http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:North_West_England

*http://eh.net/encyclopedia/article/mcdonald.domesday

*http://www.lonelyplanet.com/worldguide/england/

Books

* Englands economy

* Great Britain

*And my Knowledge from living there and experienceing immigration .

*

WA Economy

WA Economy =]

Western Australia has the highest output of any Australian state.Some of the things western australia imports and export are iron, gold, nickel, natural gas ,coal and alumina. And for agriculture , wheat, whool, milk and crops. Western Australia puts a huge input into the rest of the world because WA produces over 20% of the worlds alumina, and is the 3rd largest iron ore producer.

The Goldfields region is Australia's premier gold heritage region. Pastoralism is an important industry, and represents the regions main land use, 84% of the Gascoyne's land area is covered by pastoral leases. Gascoyne also has a substantial mining sector, mainly based on extraction of salt and gypsum. The Kimberly’s economy produces pearls, mining, Agriculture and aquaculture. Carnarvon is a high producer in wool, agriculture especially bananas and tomatoes. Shark bay locally industries include fishing, tourism, salt, pearl (marine culturing), mining of shell grit and various pastoral activities.

Western Australia’s main regions are the Goldfields, Kimberly, Pilbarra and the Southwest. Most of Australia's iron ore is mined in the Pilbarra. Pastoralism is an important industry, and represents the regions main land use; pastoral leases cover 84% of the Gascoyne’s land area.
The Kimberley has many different industries such as diamonds, oil, mining, zinc, pearling and lead.
WA's southwest region is a major world producer of alumina mineral sands and also has agriculture, and timber industries.
The Goldfields extract and process various mineral resources, mostly gold and nickel. Further south in the Goldfields economy is based on agriculture and fishing.
Carnarvon is a high producer in wool, agriculture especially bananas and tomatoes. Shark bay locally industries include fishing, tourism, salt, pearl (marine culturing), mining of shell grit and various pastoral activities.

Western Australia has plenty of strengths and weaknesses. We produce lots of iron ore, wheat and lots of other things including gold.

WA is suffering from a labour shortage because young people are moving north to make real money from the mining boom. The West Australian state government have been urging Australians to move to WA. High numbers of jobs are readily available, but without the people to undertake them, the government fears that significant economic opportunities may be lost. Also health risks are on the rise.

Western Australia is the richest state in Australia. In the past, we have had 30% in profits. But recently with the boom, our profits have reached over 40%, which is more than NSW and Victoria's exports combined. Also, having a comfortable time zone enables us to communicate with numerous countries in Europe, Asia and North America, and therefore increasing our trading opportunities.

Fortunately, the positives outweigh the negatives. The result of our economy is the increased amount of trade, large numbers of tourists and profit on exports. Just recently, the president of China visited Western Australia and signed a contract worth $45 billion dollars, for the export of gas.

The Western Australia’s economy is changing because the population is rising (so the demand is higher), also labour shortages have occurred and there is a boom in property value (Perth property is now the second most valuable in Australia behind Sydney), Large projects continue to fuel the economy and population growth continues to push rental prices up. The property’s increased value by over 40% in 2006, and it will continue to rise, so finding a decent home will be very expensive.
We can only hope that our state will continue to benefit largely from our trade income and therefore assist in buying goods from other countries at a relatively cheaper price, with food and gas prices rising drastically worldwide.

Bibilography:

Wikipedia, Goldfields-Esperance, 23rd Oct 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfields-Esperance

Wikipedia, Mid-West (Western Australia), 25th Dec 2007http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid_West_%28Western_Australia%29

Wikipedia, Gascoyne (Western Australia), 30th April 2008http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gascoyne_%28Western_Australia%29

Economy of Australia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Australia

Structure of the economy (department of treasure and finance government of western Australia)
http://www.dtf.wa.gov.au/cms/uploadedFiles/waeco2002.pdf

Western Australia (wikipedia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Australia

What are WA's mian goods & services(Google)
en&q=what+are+the+goods+and+services+produced+by+WA&btnG=Google+Search&meta

RULE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Im a pom and proud of it :p

Im a pom!

Greenland =D

Greenland !



How is Greenland being affected by climate change:
Satellite images show that, after decades of stability, a major glacier draining the Greenland ice sheet has dramatically increased its speed and retreated nearly five miles in recent years.
These changes could contribute to rapid melting of the Greenland ice sheet and cause the global sea level to rise faster than expected, according to researchers studying the glacier.
The Greenland ice sheet contains enough water to raise global sea levels by 15 to 20 feet. Although the entire ice sheet is unlikely to melt in this century, even a small change in the rate of melting could overwhelm low-lying coastal plains and add enough fresh water to the North Atlantic to change ocean circulation patterns .

Satellite images dating back as far as the 1970s show that the front of the glacier has remained in the same place for decades. But in 2001 it began retreating rapidly, moving back 4 and 1/2 miles between 2001 and 2005. All over Greenland and the Arctic, rising temperatures are not simply melting ice; they are changing the very geography of coastlines aswell.
Not only are the edges of Greenland melting fast, but the surface melt is seeping through the ice to lubricate the junction between the ice and the rock underneath.




Glacier's in Greenland:
The Helheim glacier's speedup has already propagated 12.5 miles up the glacier. The center of the Greenland ice sheet is only 150 miles inland, and the researchers worry that the effects of the glacier's retreat will continue to move inland, ultimately decreasing the thickness of the whole ice sheet.


If other glaciers in Greenland are responding like Helheim, it could easily cut in half the time it will take to destroy the Greenland ice sheet.This is a process we thought was only happening in Antarctica, and now we're seeing that it happens really fast in Greenland.



Temperature:
Greenland has an Arctic climate, but owing to the size of the country there are great variations in the weather. Winters can be severe and the summers mild, particularly in areas which are sheltered from the prevailing winds. The north of the country, and much of the interior, enjoys true Arctic weather, with the temperature only rising above freezing for brief periods in the summer.

Temperature in Greenland right now is 13.9°C.
Dew point is 8.8°C

Relative humidity is 71% .
wind gusts 20km/h.

pressure 1020.6hPa.

fire danger 2.2 Low.
290.7mm rainfall in 34.3 day's.





Daliy rainfall graph






Greenland first settlements:
Greenland was unknown to Europeans until the 10th century, when Icelandic Vikings settled on the south-western coast. Before this discovery, it had been inhabited for a long time by Arctic peoples, although it was apparently unpopulated at the time when the Vikings arrived, the direct ancestors of the modern Inuit Greenlanders did not arrive until around 1200 AD from the northwest. The Norse settlements along the south-west coast eventually disappeared after about 500 years.

long term consequences:
According to two international-research studies on the last ice age ,the great ice sheets of the Arctic Ocean are beginning to melt, early sporadic episodes of melting of the old ice sheet which covered the British Isles had already begun to affect the circulation of the ocean currents, which played a key role in the climatic stability of the planet.
Based on this observation, scientists consider that the acceleration of the melting of the Greenland ice cap could play an important role in the future stability of ocean circulation and, hence, in the development of climate change.



Short term consequences:
Increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and the resulting temperature increases, have led to speculation that the Greenland ice sheet could disappear, or at least be greatly reduced, in the relatively near future.
As you can see in this diagram below the arctic ice cap has decreased by a dramatic amount.


The Greenland Ice Cap holds 9% of the fresh water resources in the world. If all of the ice cap were to melt, global sea level would rise substantially. Greenland's ice has an enormous impact on the rest of the world. It is in the ice cap and in the weather conditions in Greenland that the climate changes in the world can be measured. The major geographic impacts of climate change in Greenland are melting of the ice cap, thinner sea ice and melting permafrost.


Houses and buildings :




All towns and settlements in Greenland are situated along the ice-free coast, with the population being concentrated along the Western coast. The northeastern part of Greenland, which includes sections of North Greenland and East Greenland, is not part of any municipality, but is the site of the world's largest national park, Northeast Greenland. 53,000 Greenlanders living in Greenland and its the world's largest island.

Living in an environment with very little buffering capacity, ecological changes immediately had repercussions.Buildings constructed on permafrost are becoming increasingly unstable, requiring expensive repair. New buildings will require different, and likely more expensive construction techniques. Roads and airport runways build on permafrost are now unstable and hard to maintain. The ice cap, permafrost and sea ice are all critical to the geography and economy of Greenland as a whole, and essential to the economy, social structure and culture of Inuit people.

Predict future climate change for greenland:



The data in blue is what we already know and the red data is the prediction of future temperatures for the next 100 years. If the greenlanders dont plan to adapt then all the ice will melt and Greenland will slowly go under water.
The evidence is right there in front of us that the world is changing at a dramatic pace.

Support and cooperation:
Political scientists from the university of Copenhagen in Greenland are experiencing the effects of climate change and have described it as 'an indigneous women whose culture and livelihood is directly affected'. For the past year they have been working on projects for climate change.


Changes that greenlanders are makeing to help others understand & help:

-Press releases
- Newsletters
- Annual reports
- Media analyses
- Production of brochures about Greenland
- Participation at fairs and workshops
- Event counseling
- Counseling servies towards the press
- Photo service.

The scientists in Greenland are already making changes , they have put out news letter's , annal reports , photos etc... , so that they can hopefully help the rest of Greenlanders to understand whats happening to their island and how climate change is and will affect them all


Melting of the ice cap:
In 1995 a glacier in Kangerlussuaq, close to the Atlantic airport in midwest Greenland, moved 6 km (or 3,73 miles) to the sea during one year. Today, only 10 years later, it is moving at 14 km (or 8,70 miles) during one year, more than twice as fast.This rate of movement is so fast that new snowfall is not sufficient to maintain the ice cap. Land, which previously has been covered with the ice cap for centuries, is now visible. Another climate change impact is that the warmer sea, which is no longer covered by the insulating sea ice, warms up the weather and makes the weather more wet and instable and impacts the climate as well.

What is being done:

What is being done in Greenland is not restoration. Because, how can they restore thier weather, climate and ice? The Greenlandic Home Rule wants to limit the emission of greenhouse gases and has a policy to meet energy needs from natural sources. Hydro-electric power has the potential to supply all the demand for energy in Greenland many times over. However, potential projects are situated in remote areas, making construction difficult and costly. The population in Greenland is sparse, located in small communities spread out over a huge area, so it would be extremely costly to build transmission lines. Nevertheless, Nuuk, the capital of Greenland has a power station, and Tasiilaq in East Greenland has also a power station. One power station is now being build in South Greenland and the second largest town, Sisimiut has also decided to have their own power station.




Interesting Facts:
*The coastline of Greenland is 39,330 km (24,430) long, about the same length as the Earth's circumference at the Equator.

*Greenland, the world's largest island, is mostly covered by an icecap of about 2.6 million cubic kilometres which accounts for a 10th of all the fresh water in the world.


*The United States took over the custody of Greenland during World War II.

* 85% of the island is ice and its the world's second largest ice cap!


*Greenland is the source of many of the weather changes in the northern hemisphere.


*Greenland is a mountainous country and is the largest island in the world with a total of 2.175,600 sq. km.

*Geographically, Greenland is part of the North American continent; geopolitically, the country is part of Europe, and nationally Greenland is part of Denmark.



Bibliography


www.worldtravelguide.net/country/103

http://www.sfgate.com/


http://www.sfgate.com/


http://www.greenland-guide.gl/

http://www.torrak.org/